NOx存在条件下相对湿度对甲苯氧化产物的影响

利用流动管反应器模拟甲苯与氧化剂×OH在NO_x存在条件下的反应,定量测定了不同相对湿度条件下（17.5%、35%、50%、70%）反应生成的部分气相产物和颗粒相产物,计算了不同相中产物产率,测量了不同相对湿度下的颗粒相有机碳（OC）产率,推导了相对湿度对甲苯氧化反应的影响机制.结果表明,相对湿度不仅对甲苯与×OH反应途径比例有影响,还对产物的产率及氧化程度有影响.     

东洞庭湖湿地生态系统健康状态与水位关系研究

基于CBERS卫星遥感影像数据，以东洞庭湖国家级自然保护区为研究区，通过光谱特征分析建立决策树分类模型，提取东洞庭湖湿地的地物类型。以生态系统健康理论为基础，依据东洞庭湖湿地的特点，综合湿地生产力、组织结构、弹性和功能4个方面，建立湿地生态系统健康状态评价指标体系和评价模型，利用GIS技术，分析东洞庭湖湿地在2000～2006年10个时相的生态系统健康状态。结合城陵矶水文站的水位数据，探讨了东洞庭湖湿地健康状态与城陵矶水位之间的相关性，并利用2007年两个时相的数据进行检验。研究结果表明：东洞庭湖湿地健康状态与城陵矶水位之间存在着较大的相关性，当城陵矶水位达到30 m左右时，东洞庭湖湿地健康状态达到最佳值     

基于ZIF-L的微固相萃取技术测定地表水中痕量典型多环芳烃

制备类沸石咪唑酯骨架ZIF-L材料,将其用作微固相萃取吸附剂,处理水中萘、苊、苊烯、芴、菲、蒽、荧蒽、芘等8种痕量典型多环芳烃,再用HPLC测定。试验表明,ZIF-L对上述多环芳烃的萃取效率明显高于商品化萃取材料C 18和多壁碳纳米管。方法在0.100μg/L^200μg/L范围内线性良好,方法检出限为0.02μg/L^0.03μg/L,标准溶液5次测定结果的RSD为4.7%~9.5%,实际水样加标回收率为84.5%~115%。将该方法用于北太湖5个点位水样的测定,测定值为未检出~3.40μg/L。     

Degradation of aqueous Rhodamine B by plasma generated along the water surface and its enhancement using nanocrystalline Fe-, Mn-, and Ce-doped TiO2 films

The degradation of aqueous Rhodamine B (RhB) was examined using a dual-channel spark switch module designed to regulate the steepness of pulsed high voltage with microsecond rise time. Depending on the energy per pulse, a spark along the water surface (SPWS) or streamer along the water surface (STWS) was formed. STWS was found to have a better degradation effect and energy efficiency toward RhB than SPWS at the same power; however, addition of H₂O₂ amounts resulted in increased degradation, the effect being more pronounced using SPWS. The initial concentration of RhB also appeared to influence the rate constant of the degradation reaction. Furthermore, TiO₂ films doped with Fe, Mn, and Ce were found to enhance the degradation performance of plasma. A possible reaction mechanism of plasma formation along the water surface was concluded by determination of the main inorganic products in the liquid and gas phases.     

基于响应曲面法的臭氧生成敏感性分析

准确判断臭氧(O₃)生成敏感性对O₃污染成因分析和防控对策的制定至关重要.首次利用响应曲面方法设计最优试验方案,基于盒子模式模拟结果,快速量化O₃对其前体物变化的响应.结果表明,CO对O₃有正贡献,NO_x和VOCs与O₃呈现显著非线性关系,当φ(VOCs)与[φ(NO_x)-13.75]比值大于4.17时,为NO_x控制区,小于4.17时,为VOCs控制区;烯烃为影响O₃生成的关键VOCs组分,当φ(烯烃)与[φ(NO_x)-15]比值小于1.10且φ(烯烃)<35×10^-9时,烯烃有利于O₃的生成.响应曲面法在多因素和其交互作用对O₃生成影响的研究中取得了良好效果,为高效判断O₃敏感性提供了新的思路和方法.     

并网光伏发电的固定资产最优折旧策略

合理地对固定资产进行折旧,有助于提高并网光伏发电的经济性,通过建立光伏电站和分布式光伏发电的收益及企业所得税模型,考虑资金的时间价值,分析折旧方式、折旧年限、投资成本、售电收益、折现率对寿命周期内企业所得税总额的影响。通过算例分析,得出确定并网光伏发电的最佳固定资产折旧策略的一般性方法。算例分析显示,并网光伏发电应优先选用直线法进行固定资产折旧。企业根据对自身未来发展形势的判断,科学地制定折现率,合理地选择固定资产的折旧年限,可降低寿命周期内的企业所得税总额,达到经济效益最大化。     

Atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in Guangzhou,China

Atmospheric deposition of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) was investigated at four locations, namely at Yuancun, Wushan, Haizhu and Changban in Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province. The annual deposition fluxes of tetra- to octa-CDD/Fs (total PCDD/Fs) were found to range from 170 to 3000 (mean 1500) pg m⁻² day⁻¹, and the fluxes of total 2, 3, 7, 8-substituted PCDD/F congeners ranged from 2.1 to 41 (mean 20) pg WHO-TEQ m⁻² day⁻¹ at Wushan. The average deposition fluxes of total 2, 3, 7, 8-substituted PCDD/F congeners in rainy season were found to be 37, 27 and 28 pg WHO-TEQ m⁻² day⁻¹ at Yuancun, Haizhu and Changban, respectively, and the PCDD/F deposition fluxes behaved obviously higher in rainy season than in dry season. Results from regression analysis showed that number of rainy days, the amount of wet precipitation, PCDD/F concentrations in particles and organic carbon content played important roles in the variation of PCDD/F deposition fluxes. Monthly average temperatures change little over the year. Therefore, it only played a minor role in monthly variation of PCDD/F deposition fluxes. Particle deposition fluxes were generally not considered as the factor that could cause the differences in PCDD/F deposition fluxes between rainy and dry season, but were found to be related with PCDD/F deposition fluxes in rainy season or dry season. It was found that the profiles of PCDD/F homologs or congeners in the samples were the same either spatially or temporally, indicating that the PCDD/F emission sources were similar to one another. The similarities in PCDD/F homolog patterns and the differences in deposition fluxes between samples collected from heavy-traffic roadside and nearby residence house roof indicated that vehicle exhaust might be an important source for PCDD/F in Guangzhou. PCDD/F concentrations and profiles of PCDD/F homologs in atmospheric deposition were compared with those in both total suspended particles in air and soils, and conclusions indicated that atmospheric deposition possibly tended to remove lower-chlorinated DD/Fs from air and was one of sources for PCDD/Fs in soils.     

高级光化学氧化技术及其应用

高级光化学氧化技术被认为是在处理有害有毒、难生物降解有机污染物方面比较有效的方法,主要的光化学氧化技术包括:真空紫外(VUV)光分解;紫外(UV)/氧化剂氧化;UV-Fenton氧化和感光材料的高级光化学氧化。高级光化学氧化技术对卤代烃污染物、含硫有机污染物、染色废水及其他有机污染物有较好的处理效果,在工程上得到了应用,是一项有效的废水处理新技术。     

污泥干化过程中苯系物(BTEX)的释放及其致癌风险评价

在模拟污泥干化的条件下,研究了4种类型污水污泥苯系物(BTEX)的释放特征及其影响因素.结果表明,在50-300℃的干化温度范围内,4种污泥的BTEX释放总置在4.20～161.90μg·m-3之间;在温度高于150℃之后,各类污泥中的BTEX释放量大幅增加;而低于150℃的情况下,污泥中BTEX的释放量仅占总BTEX释放量的5.09%.不同温度下污泥的BTEX释放量与其在污泥中的含量之间存在显著的线性关系.不同类型的污泥其所释放的BTEX组分之间具有较大的差别,污泥中BTEX的含量决定其所释放的数量,而其释放强度则取决于干化温度.对污泥释放BTEX进行健康风险评价表明,各类污泥在150～300℃下所释放的苯对暴露人员存在一定的致癌风险,其中女性相对于男性致癌风险更高.控制污泥干化温度可以最大限度地减少BTEX释放,进而降低致癌风险.